The shallow and the deep, long range ecology movements a summary arne naess originally published in inquiry oslo, 16 1973. An earlier version of this article appeared in the trumpeter. The news did not even make it into the obituary columns of such global weeklies as time magazine although, as usual, many sporting and film personalities did. Deep ecology is one of about nine major approaches to our relationship with the world around us that have been mapped out by environmental philosophers in recent years.
He held that all life has intrinsic value, independent of human needs. Arne naess invented the term deep ecology in a famous 1973 englishlanguage article, the shallow and the deep, longrange ecology movement. No being has a priority in principle in the realizing of its possibilities, but norms of increasing diversity or richness of potentialities put limits on the development of destructive lifestyles. We give a detailed account of the movement comparing it to other movements for social responsibility that.
The paper assumes as a general abstract norm that the specific potentialities of living beings be fulfilled. All other aspects of deep ecology are merged in the platform. Aug 22, 2015 in this film, naess tells about the concept of deep ecology, which was first introduced by him in 1973. At best deep ecology is apolitical, and though it claims to be beyond such distinctions, many feel deep ecology tends towards a rightwing perspective. One of the basic tenets of deep ecology is that nature has a value in itself, apart from. He is the author of the practice of technology 1995, and coeditor of the deep ecology movement 1995 and ecoforestry 1997. Before his retirement from the university of oslo in 1969, his writings and personal influence shaped philosophy and social science in norway. He was also the associate editor of a tenvolume collection of naesss works, the selected works of arne naess, published in 2005 by the. There are deeper concerns which touch upon principles of diversity, complexity, autonomy, decentralization, symbiosis. Modern environmentalism owes a great debt to philosopher, professor, and writer arne naess, cofounder of the deep ecology movement. Arne naess invented the term deep ecology in a famous.
Christian diehm 2002 ethics and the environment 7 1. Arne naess 19122009 was a widely published and celebrated norwegian philosopher whose long career spans two main periods. A deep ecology eight point platform formulated by arne naess and george sessions andrew mclaughlin writes. Intellectual, mountaineer, and activist arne naess 19122009 is regarded as the father of deep ecology. Arne naess born in 1912 is the norwegian founder and intellectual father of the deep ecology movement. A rne naess 19122009 was a norwegian philosopher, mountaineer, and green party activist who founded the school of deep ecology. Arne naess pdf the basics of deep ecology arne naess pdf ecosophy, population, and sustainable development arne. In this film, naess tells about the concept of deep ecology, which was first introduced by him in 1973. Social ecologists and ecofeminists agree that not enough analysis is done by deep ecology of the social forces at work in the destruction of the biosphere. Naessian deep ecology, political action and the climate. Environmental ethics as a question of environmental ontology. Communication ecology june 7, 2010 alan drengson 1 communication ecology of arne naess 19122009 alan drengson selfrealization is not a maximal realization of the coercive powers of the ego. Foundation for deep ecology the deep ecology platform.
The wellbeing and flourishing of human and nonhuman life on earth have value in themselves synonyms. Naess ecosophy t and buddhist traditions elisa cavazza arne naess included several references to buddhist teachings in his ecophilosophy. Arne naess, val plumwood, and deep ecological subjectivity. Those already involved in conservation and preservation efforts were now joined by many others. His many books include ecology, community, and lifestyle. After 1969, naess achieved international recognition as the founder of a style of environmentalism known as deep ecology. Gandhian nonviolence is a tenet of deep ecology activism in word and deed. Several of the points in the deep ecology platform are problematic and there appear to be inconsistencies within the philosophy as a whole. Arne naess, the founder of deep ecology and one of norways best known philosophers, is professor emeritus at the university of oslo. Pdf introduction to this series bill devall, alan drengson pdf the life and work of arne naess. The term deep ecology was first introduced by the norwegian activist and philosopher arne naess in the early 1970s, when stressing the need to move beyond superficial responses to the social and ecological problems we face.
Jan 12, 2009 quality of life is here considered to be something incompatible with artificial, material standards above that necessary for the satisfaction of fundamental needs, and secondly, that ecological considerations are to be regarded as preconditions for life quality, therefore not outside human responsibilitythe lifestyle of the majority should be changed so that the material standard of. Arne naess described shallow ecology as shortterm thinking and shallow actions to address environmental issues without fundamentally changing our values or the. I was fully immersed in print reporting and meetings of our new environmentreporting team thursday so im belatedly exploring the passing of arne naess, the philosopher and mountaineer who divided ecological thinking and action into deep and shallow william grimes described naesss concept of deep ecology this way in the times obituary. The breadth and the limits of the deep ecology movement. Satyagraha foundation blog archive arne naess and gandhi.
The selected works of arne naess was made possible through a generous grant from. Quality of life is here considered to be something incompatible with artificial, material standards above that necessary for the satisfaction of fundamental needs, and secondly, that ecological considerations are to be regarded as preconditions for life quality, therefore not outside human responsibilitythe lifestyle of the majority should be changed so that the material standard of. Deep approach derivational system philosophical aspect deep ecology total view these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Ecology, stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, pdf version of the entry. A summary arne naess university of oslo ecologically responsible policies are concerned only in part with pollution and resource depletion. His key notion of deep ecology is the idea that all of nature naess was the highly influential norwegian philosopher whose ideas about ecology and arne naess.
Here, editors alan drengson and bill devall provide a comprehensive yet accessible volume of naesss most groundbreaking and seminal essays, which have remained influential among environmentalists to this day. Deep ecology is term devised by norwegian philosopher arne naess b. Naess did not invent deep ecology, it existed before him as a way for humans to approach and coexist with the natural world. In this article on gandhi, gandhi and deep ecology, the author, thomas weber, analyses the mahatmas contribution to the intellectual development of arne naess and argues that those who want to make an informed study of deep ecology and particularly those who are interested in the philosophy of naess, should go back to gandhi for a fuller picture. Naesss platform principle number 1 begins with recognizing the inherent worth of all beings, including humans. Naessian deep ecology, political action and the climate crisis. Norwegian philosopher arne naess first used the shallow deep distinction in a talk at the. Environmentalism had emerged as a popular grassroots political movement in the 1960s with the publication of rachel carsons book silent spring. He was also the associate editor of a tenvolume collection of naesss works, the selected works of arne naess, published in 2005 by the foundation for deep ecology.
Special issues on arne naess, life and work part one. He proposed that we ask deeper questions, looking at the why and how of the way we live and seeing how. According to naess, this ecological philosophy and ethos was inspired by american marine biologist rachel carson. By ecology movement naess means a cosmology or worldview. The shallow and the deep, lonoranoe eooloov movement. The emergence of ecologists from their former relative obscurity marks a turning point in our scientific communities.
Alan drengson is an emeritus professor at the university of victoria in british columbia, canada. Quality of life is here considered to be something incompatible with artificial, material standards above that necessary for the satisfaction of fundamental needs, and secondly, that ecological considerations are to be regarded as preconditions for life quality, therefore not outside human responsibilitythe lifestyle of the majority should be changed so that the. This work therefore, seeks to evaluate arne naess ethical environmentalism deep ecology and see the rationale of this idea in our modern time, especially the rapid growth in science and technology and the like. The shallow and the deep, longrange ecology movement. Foundation for deep ecology the deep ecology movement. The platform, articulated by arne naess and george sessions while they were camping in death valley in 1984, is a nontechnical statement of principles around which, it is hoped, people with differing ultimate understandings of themselves, society, and nonhuman nature, could unite. Quality of life is here considered to be something incompatible with artificial, material standards above that necessary for the satisfaction of fundamental needs, and secondly, that ecological considerations are to be regarded as preconditions for life quality, therefore not outside human responsibilitythe lifestyle of the majority should be changed so. A critical appreciation the selected works of arne naess.
Born in 1912 in oslo, and graduated at the university of oslo in 1933, he then studied in paris and vienna. Nelson origins of the deep ecology movement arne naess invented the term deep ecology in a famous 1973 englishlanguage article. The self in the kinds of philosophy i am alluding to is something expansive, and the. Deep ecologys core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole should be respected and regarded as having certain basic moral and legal rights to live and flourish, independent of its instrumental benefits for human use. Ecophilosophy, the deep ecology movement and ecosophy. Environmental ethics as a question of environmental. Basic principles of deep ecology the anarchist library. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. But he did give this ecophilosophy a name and an overall theoretical framework. The deep ecology view includes fundamental values that. The slogan of noninterference does not imply that humans should not modify some ecosystemsasdootherspecies. Employs a dialogical style to explore the interface between arne naesss views about deep ecology and education. Deep ecology is often framed in terms of the idea of a much broader sociality.
In 1973, norwegian philosopher and mountaineer arne naess introduced the phrase deep ecology to environmental literature. Jun 30, 2014 the important philosopher of deep ecology and gandhian philosophy, arne naess, died in january 2009. Supporters of the deep ecology movement are not antihuman, as is sometimes alleged. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Naess is the acknowledged founder of deep ecology and a respected authority in semantics, the philosophy of science and the thinking of spinoza and ghandi. A shallow, but currently rather powerful movement and a deep, but less influential movement compete for our attention. A contribution to the deep ecologyecofeminism debate. These values are independent of the usefulness of the nonhuman world for human purposes. I suggest an inquiry into and interpretation of the buddhist sources of naess proposal, in order to understand the role. A contribution to the deep ecology ecofeminism debate. The important philosopher of deep ecology and gandhian philosophy, arne naess, died in january 2009. However, one viewpoint that has been neglected is the deep ecology of, amongst others, arne n. This long awaited work is an updated and thoroughly revised translation of okologi, samfunn og livsstil in norwegian.
Naess defined the shallow ecology movement, which he says is more influential than the deep ecology movement, as. Arne naess naess is norways most prominent philosopher. Through deep experience, deep questioning and deep commitment emerges deep ecology to understand what arne naess means by deep ecology it helps to imagine this place. Because deep ecology requires everyone to formulate their own interpretation, people who claim to be part of the movement hold incompatible viewpoints from. Early life arne naess was the youngest of four children in a wealthy. Author garyhaq posted on 30012009 10022009 categories human ecology tags anthropcentric, arne naess, charles darwin, deep ecology, ecocentric, gary haq, genesis, human ecology, judeaochristian tradition, media, origin of species leave a comment on darwin, deep ecology and the bible. Because deep ecology questioned a dominating cultural paradigm, that of excessive anthropocentrism, it could claim to rely on a deeper level of argumentation than shallow ecology, that is, on the level of religion and philosophy. The call of the mountain arne naess and the deep ecology. There he lived looking out on that vast, wild panorama, reading gandhi or spinoza and studying sanskrit. Deep ecology s core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole should be respected and regarded as having certain basic moral and legal rights to live and flourish, independent of its instrumental benefits for human use. The platform, articulated by arne naess and george sessions while they were camping in death valley in 1984, is a nontechnical statement of principles around which, it is hoped, people with differing ultimate understandings of themselves, society, and nonhuman. Origins of the deep ecology movement arne naess invented the term deep ecology in a famous 1973 englishlanguage article, the shallow and the deep, longrange ecology movement. Themes examined include the educational implications of the deep questioning process and other formulations of environmental thought. Jan 16, 2009 david orton a selfdescribed antiindustrial biocentrist, wrote a long appreciation of naess pdf, from which ive excerpted this short interpretation of the philosophers distinction between deep and shallow ecology.
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